VTU Computer Science (Semester 7)
Advanced Computer Architectures
December 2013
Total marks: --
Total time: --
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Assume appropriate data and state your reasons
(2) Marks are given to the right of every question
(3) Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary


1 (a) Define Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). Explain seven dimensions of an ISA.
8 M
1 (b) Find the number of dies per 500 mm water for a die that is 2.0 cm on a side.
4 M
1 (c) Explain main measures of dependability.
4 M
1 (d) Derive CPU time in term of instruction cycle and cycles per instruction.
4 M

2 (a) Explain basic of a RISC instruction set.
5 M
2 (b) Show with diagram, how data hazard stalls are minimized by forwarding method.
7 M
2 (c) List the types of exceptions. Explain requirements on exceptions.
8 M

3 (a) Define ILP. Explain data dependencies and hazard in detail.
8 M
3 (b) With finite state processor, explain 2-bit prediction scheme.
5 M
3 (c) Explain hardware based speculation with steps involved in instruction execution.
7 M

4 (a) What are the three major flavours of multiple issue processor? Summarize the basic approaches to multiple issue and their distinguishing characteristics.
8 M
4 (b) Explain branch target buffer with neat diagrams.
6 M
4 (c) What are the issues involved in implementation of speculation? Explain register renaming approach.
6 M

5 (a) Explain taxonomy of parallel architecture according to Flynn.
6 M
5 (b) To achieve a speed-up of 80 with 100 processors, what fraction of the original computation can be sequential?
6 M
5 (c) Explain the basic of directory based cache coherence protocol.
8 M

6 (a) Assume a computer where the clocks per instruction is 1.0 when, all memory accesses hit in the cache. Only data accesses are loads and stores, and these total 50% of the instructions. If the miss penalty is 25 clock cycles and the miss rate is 2% how much faster would the computer be if all instruction were cache hits?
6 M
6 (b) Explain following cache optimizations:
i) Higher associativity to reduce miss rate
ii) Read misses over writes to reduce miss penalty.
8 M
6 (c) Explain techniques for fast address translation.
6 M

7 (a) Explain 'compiler optimizations to reduce miss rate' in advanced cache optimization.
8 M
7 (b) Explain DRAM memory technology with its basic organization.
8 M
7 (c) Write a note on protection via virtual machines.
8 M

8 (a) Explain loop level dependencies by considering following code:
for (i=1; i<=100; i=i+1) {
A[i]=A[i]+B[i];
B[i]=C[i]+D[i]; }
6 M
8 (b) Explain software pipelining with symbolic loop unrolling.
9 M
8 (c) List and explain five execution unit slots in the IA-64 architecture with example instructions.
5 M



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